What is an FHSA?

• What is the First Home Savings Account?
• Eligibility and how it works
• How it's different from the RRSP Home Buyers' Plan (HBP)

The FHSA combines the best benefits of both an RRSP and a TFSA to help you save a down payment for your home. To start, contributions to the FHSA are tax deductible when you file your taxes. This is similar to an RRSP where contributions can be used to lower your net income.

When it comes to withdrawing money, any qualifying withdrawals from the FHSA (including investment returns) are tax-free, much like a TFSA. Note that to be considered qualifying, the withdrawal must be used for a first home purchase under the rules laid out by the government.

Contributions:

You can contribute up to $8,000 to your FHSA each year with a lifetime contribution limit of $40,000. If you have a spouse or common-law partner, you can each use your FHSA when you’re ready to purchase a first home.

You can also carry forward any unused contribution in the subsequent year up to a maximum of $8,000 per year on top of the contribution limit of $8,000. Note that carry-forward amounts begin to accumulate only after you open your FHSA. This may be an option to consider if you’re planning to purchase a home in the future but not looking to contribute to the account immediately.

Let’s look at an example below:

Jessie has opened an FHSA account in the first year (2023) and contributed $3,000. This gives her an unused contribution room of $5,000. Since she just started seriously saving for a down payment, her first year’s contribution isn’t as much as she had wanted.

In the second year, she contributes $8,000 which is the maximum FHSA contribution amount per year. Her unused contribution remains the same at $5,000. In the third year, she set aside some bonus from work and contributed a total of $10,500. This includes her annual contribution limit of $8,000 plus $2,500 from her unused contributions.

In the fourth year, she contributes another $8,000 for her annual contribution. Finally in the fifth year, she moved back with her parents to save more and contributed a total of $10,500 to her account carrying forward the remaining $2,500 from her unused contributions. In her five years of saving, Jessie was able to contribute a total of $40,000 for her FHSA account.

You have an option to hold more than one FHSA but the total amount you can contribute to all of your FHSA accounts can not exceed your annual and lifetime contribution limit.

Claiming deductions:

Similar to an RRSP contribution, you can carry forward any unused deductions indefinitely (throughout the account's lifespan of 15 years) and use them in subsequent years. For instance, if you make a $8,000 contribution to your FHSA in 2023, you can claim some or all of the deduction to your taxes next year (2024) or in later years.

Please note: Ensure you consult with a tax professional for any questions regarding claiming tax deductions for your registered accounts.

Over contribution:

If you over contribute, your over contribution amount is subject to a 1% tax on the highest excess amount for each month it is over the limit. This will continue to apply each month until the excess amount is removed from your FHSA, which stops accruing when:

• You withdraw the excess amount from your FHSA
• You receive a new contribution room, which happens January 1 of the following year

You can deduct from your income any over-contributed amount in the year it is no longer considered an over-contribution, but not the year before that. 

To be eligible for the FHSA, you must be:

• A Canadian resident
• 18 years or older
• A first-time home buyer

You are considered a first-time home buyer if you have not owned and occupied a home in the current calendar year or any of the preceding four calendar years.

Just like an RRSP and TFSA, an FHSA is a registered savings account that can hold multiple investment securities. This includes equity-based investments like stocks, fixed-income investments (bonds and GICs), and other investments such as options, ETFs, and precious metals. 

For you to make a qualifying withdrawal from your FHSA, the following criteria must be met:

• You must be a first-time homebuyer at the time you make the withdrawal. This means that you cannot have owned a home, in any part of the calendar year before the withdrawal or in the past four calendar years. There’s an exception that allows you to make qualifying withdrawals if you withdraw within 30 days of moving into your home. 
• You need a written agreement that you’re purchasing a property before October 1 of the year following your withdrawal.
• You intend to live in the qualifying home (a housing unit located in Canada) as your principal residence for one year after purchasing or building it.

To learn more about how to withdraw from your FHSA for a qualifying home purchase, please take a look at this helpful article.

You may ask, what’s the difference between FHSA and RRSP Home Buyers' Plan? While they both share similarities in helping you save for a down payment, they have a few key differences.

Closing the account

The FHSA has to be closed by December 31 in the year in which the earliest of these scenarios occur:

• When it reaches its 15th-year anniversary since the opening of the account
• When you reach 71 years old

Your FHSA will also need to be closed by December 31 of the year following a qualifying withdrawal for a home purchase.

Once it closes, any unused funds in the account can be transferred to an RRSP or a RRIF tax-free. You have the option to withdraw any unused funds but be aware that this withdrawal will be added to your yearly income for tax purposes.

Transfers

You can transfer funds from an FHSA to another FHSA account, RRSP or a RRIF tax free. When you transfer from an FHSA to an RRSP or RRIF, the transfer will not reduce, or limited by, your available RRSP contribution or restore your FHSA annual contribution limit.

Once you transfer from an FHSA, the funds will be subject to the rules for RRSPs and RRIFs, which include paying taxes when you withdraw from the account. In addition, you can transfer funds from RRSP to an FHSA tax-free, but the transfer is not deductible and will not restore your RRSP contribution room.

For more information and frequently asked questions (FAQs) about FHSA, please visit our helpful FAQ article.

Please note: The information provided in this article is based on CRA guidelines and may be subject to change.

Note: The information in this blog is for information purposes only and should not be used or construed as financial, investment, or tax advice by any individual. Information obtained from third parties is believed to be reliable, but no representations or warranty, expressed or implied is made by Questrade, Inc., its affiliates or any other person to its accuracy.